| Materials|Windows|Lens|Prism|Waveplate|Polarizer|BeamSplitter|PBS |Filter|
 
Single layer or multiplayer anti-reflecting or high-reflecting coatings
   high gain, low threshold, and high absorption coefficients at pumping wavelengths
   
 

Reflecting prisms may invert, rotate, deviate or displace a beam

     used to split or combine two perpendicular polarization laser beam
   
  has a length to aperture ratio less than 1.0 makes it a relatively thin polarizer.
  

The most popular retarders are quarter and half wave