| Laser| NLO| Birefringent | E-O | A-O | Photorefractive | Passive | Optical |
 
high gain, low threshold, high absorption coefficients at pumping wavelengths
   high gain, low threshold, and high absorption coefficients at pumping wavelengths
   
 

used in solid-state lasers systems-frequency-doubled continuous wave, high-energy Q-switched

     can be effectively pumped by short pulse flashlamps in powerful laser systems.
   
  Wide transparency and phase matching ranges,
large nonlinear coefficient
  

large nonlinear optical coefficients;
wide angular bandwidth ;
small walk-off angle.
   
  isolators, circulators and interleaver ect.
   high optical homogeneity;
high damage threshold;
low hygroscopic susceptibility;
extremely low absorption in the UV to IR range
   
  high birefringence,
wide spectral transmission;
availability in reasonably sized rhombs;